ARTICLE :
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Lecturer Drs Joko Sutopo,S Mi
Written by Gina
ARTICLE : DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Introduction
The rises of
fuel influenced by the world global
economic. We know that global economic
is still effecting in Indonesia. If it was not handle well. The country’s
current and budget would be still in more experiencing a deficit. One
of the choosing is the government reduces to use gas ole by raising it. the government is very
careful when take the option of
increasing fuel price and will make a draft’s
policy which
it easy the burden by giving fuel subsidy.
Bellow here, there
is three texts have been shown ;
Indonesion govt finalizing draft policy to easy fuel subsidy burden, fuel
policy consider global condition , and should the fuel price increase
pro-people.
In
his speech, The president, Susilo Bambang Yudoyono said that The government is
finalizing a draft to easy the burden of fuel subsidy on the state budget. And if the pricede of fuel is to be raised, The
government must compensate the poor for the fuel price hike. And it a must.
Meanwhile,
Finance Minister Agus Marto Warjono
expressed that the government
would choose the best option later this month to ensure healthy fiscal condition until the end of this year .
He add to study it profoundly and
suggested to reduce the use of subsidized fuel by affluent people and provide subsidy to those entitled to it.
The
following days on April,15,2013.Hidayat
Nur Wahid, The chairman of FPKS parliament
said; The government’s policy to raise any fuel, should be entirety in
the interest of state financial risqué. So far no planned increase in fuel saving is base on the wishes
of the start budget. Hedayat added that parliament need to know what the reason
would ne raised and when is formally submitted the house.
The theoretical background
Halliday
( 1985) has argued that language is structure to make three mind kind of
meaning simultaneously. This
semantic complexity which allow s
interpersonal meaning, experiential
meaning( ideational meaning) and textual
meaning to be settled together in
linguistic units. Interpersonal meanings are a
meaning which express a speaker’s
attitudes and judgment. Meaning are
realized in wording through what is called MOOD. Meanings of this kinds
are most centrally influenced by tenor
of discourse. Ideational meanings are
meaning about phenomena about things ,abstract and concrete. About going on , and the circumstances surrounding
these happenings and doing. These meanings are realized in wording true
participants, processes and circumstances. Meanings of this kind are most
centrally influenced by the field of discourse. And Textual meanings are express the relation of
language to each environment, including both the verbal environment, what have
been said or written before(co-text) and the nonverbal, situation context . These meaning are realized through pattern of theme and cohesion.
Textual meanings are centrally influenced by mode of discourse. Sociolinguistic doesn’t
only ask functional question about how people are using language, but it
also language structure for use.
In
functional grammar view language as source
for making meaning. so here, focus on
text and their context,
For example in articles
events such as the following where meanings are
realized in wordings through what is called MOOD
1.
Text 1
Indonesia govt finalizing draft
policy to ease fuel subsidy burden
Mon, April 8 2013 19:37 | 387 Views
Jakarta (ANTARA News) - President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
said on Monday the government is finalizing a draft policy to ease the burden
of fuel subsidy on the state budget."The option is still being
discussed," the President said when opening the Ninth national congress of
the Indonesian Businessmen Association (Apindo) here on Monday.
If the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised the price hike may lead to soaring inflation rate and increasing poverty rate, he said.
The President recalled when the price of subsidized fuel was twice raised in 2005 and once in 2008 the prices of goods and services soared. But when the price of subsidized fuel was lowered in 2008 the prices of goods and services remained unchanged.
"So the elasticity of the prices of goods and services to the prices of fuel oils is very low," he said.
He said if the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised, the government must compensate the poor for the fuel price hike. "To me, compensating the poor for fuel price hike is a must," he said.
Improving the fiscal condition should not burden the low-income people. Therefore, the funds obtained from the retrenchment of fuel subsidy should be allocated not only to infrastructure development but also to poverty eradication, he said.
If the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised the price hike may lead to soaring inflation rate and increasing poverty rate, he said.
The President recalled when the price of subsidized fuel was twice raised in 2005 and once in 2008 the prices of goods and services soared. But when the price of subsidized fuel was lowered in 2008 the prices of goods and services remained unchanged.
"So the elasticity of the prices of goods and services to the prices of fuel oils is very low," he said.
He said if the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised, the government must compensate the poor for the fuel price hike. "To me, compensating the poor for fuel price hike is a must," he said.
Improving the fiscal condition should not burden the low-income people. Therefore, the funds obtained from the retrenchment of fuel subsidy should be allocated not only to infrastructure development but also to poverty eradication, he said.
President Susilo
Bambang Yudoyono
|
said
|
On monday
|
|
Rubject
|
Finite
|
predicstor
|
Circumstant ajunct
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
The government
|
Is finalizing
|
A draft of policy
To ease the burden
of fuel subsidy
|
On that state
budget
|
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
predicator
|
complement
|
Circumstance ajunct
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|||
The option
|
Is
|
Stil being
discussed
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
The president
|
said
|
when
|
Opening The ninth
national congresss of APINDO
|
here
|
On monday
|
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
predicator
|
complement
|
Circom
|
Circom
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|||||
If
|
The price of
subsidized fuel
|
is
|
To be raised
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Predicator
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
The price hike
|
May
|
lead
|
To soaring
inflation and increasing proverty rate
|
Subject
|
finite
|
predicator
|
Complement
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
he
|
said
|
|
subject
|
Finite
|
predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
The president
|
recalled
|
|
subject
|
Finite
|
predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
When
|
The price of
subsidized fuel
|
was
|
Twice raised
|
In 2005
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Predicator
|
Circumstance ajunct
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|||
And
|
Once in 2008 The
price of goods
|
Circumstance ajunct
|
|
Residue
|
And
|
cervices remained
unchanged
|
circumstance
|
|
Residue
|
so
|
The electricity of
the peace of goods and services to the price of fuel oils
|
Is
|
Very low
|
subject
|
finite
|
complement
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
He
|
said
|
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
He
|
said
|
|
Sunject
|
finite
|
predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
if
|
The prices of
subsidized fuel
|
is
|
To be raised
|
Sunject
|
finite
|
predicator
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
The government
|
Must
|
Compensate
|
The poor
|
For the fuel price
hike
|
to me
|
subject
|
finite
|
predicator
|
complement
|
complement
|
Circumstance adjunct
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||||
Compensating the
poor for fuel price hike
|
Is
|
A must
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
complement
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
He
|
Said
|
|
Subject
|
finite
|
predicator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
Improving the
viscal condition
|
Should not
|
burden
|
The low- income
people
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Predicator
|
Complement
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
||
Therefore
|
The found Obtained from the retrenchment of fuel
subsidy
|
Should
|
Be located
|
Not only to
infrastructure development
|
Subject
|
Finite
|
Pre dicator
|
complement
|
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|||
but
|
Also
|
To property eradication
|
complement
|
||
Mood
|
residue
|
|
He
|
said
|
|
subject
|
finite
|
prediacator
|
Mood
|
Residue
|
|
In Other word , Language also can say relating
with context of culture and context of
situation . Context of culture produce genre and context of situation produce
register. Context of situation
produce of resister be covered by mode,
tenor and field. While context of
culture produce genre be covered by Mood, transitivity and theme rhyme.
Discourse
analysis
Article 1.
Indonesia govt
finalizing draft policy to ease fuel subsidy burden
Mon, April 8 2013 19:37 | 387 Views Jakarta (ANTARA News) - President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
said on Monday the government is finalizing a draft policy to ease the burden
of fuel subsidy on the state budget.
"The option is still being discussed," the President said when opening the Ninth national congress of the Indonesian Businessmen Association (Apindo) here on Monday.
If the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised the price hike may lead to soaring inflation rate and increasing poverty rate, he said.
The President recalled when the price of subsidized fuel was twice raised in 2005 and once in 2008 the prices of goods and services soared. But when the price of subsidized fuel was lowered in 2008 the prices of goods and services remained unchanged.
"So the elasticity of the prices of goods and services to the prices of fuel oils is very low," he said.
He said if the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised, the government must compensate the poor for the fuel price hike. "To me, compensating the poor for fuel price hike is a must," he said.
Improving the fiscal condition should not burden the low-income people. Therefore, the funds obtained from the retrenchment of fuel subsidy should be allocated not only to infrastructure development but also to poverty eradication, he said.
(Uu.S012/F001)
"The option is still being discussed," the President said when opening the Ninth national congress of the Indonesian Businessmen Association (Apindo) here on Monday.
If the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised the price hike may lead to soaring inflation rate and increasing poverty rate, he said.
The President recalled when the price of subsidized fuel was twice raised in 2005 and once in 2008 the prices of goods and services soared. But when the price of subsidized fuel was lowered in 2008 the prices of goods and services remained unchanged.
"So the elasticity of the prices of goods and services to the prices of fuel oils is very low," he said.
He said if the price of subsidized fuel is to be raised, the government must compensate the poor for the fuel price hike. "To me, compensating the poor for fuel price hike is a must," he said.
Improving the fiscal condition should not burden the low-income people. Therefore, the funds obtained from the retrenchment of fuel subsidy should be allocated not only to infrastructure development but also to poverty eradication, he said.
(Uu.S012/F001)
A. Context
of situation
1. Field :
Fuel subsidy
2. Tenor :
Specialist( Susilo B.Y) to the
member of congress.
3. Mood :
Face to face
B.
Context of culture
News Item
C. The
social practice :
Being aware that the increase of
the fuel price makes the government tries to give pre-condition to people so
that when it comes true they won’t be sock. Government tries to persuade people
by giving illustration how crucial the problems are. Besides, government wants
to show that the decision taken is for people advantages.
D. The
text tell us about :
1.
Happening
This
text entitled “Indonesia govt finalizing draft policy to ease fuel subsidy
burden” informs us that President Susilo Bambang Yudoyono in the opening the
Ninth national congress of the Indonesian Businessmen Association (Apindo) on
Monday says that government is finalizing a draft policy to ease the burden of
fuel subsidy on the state budget.
Due
to the complexity of the case, President Yudoyono adds that the option of
subsidy is still being discussed. He further, explains the impact of raising
the price of fuel will lead soaring inflation rate and increasing poverty rate.
Then, he gives an experience about this rising price of fuel. In 2005 there
were twice increasing and in 2008 there was once. The impact of it is obvious -
that is followed by the increase of goods and services. But when the price of
subsidized fuel was lowered the price of goods and service remained unchanged.
So The President draws a conclusion that te elasticity of the prices of goods
and services to the price of fuel oils is very low.
The
solution which is offered if the price of subsidized fuel is increased the
government must compensate the poor for fuel price hike. The President declares
that, for him, compensating the poor for fuel price hike is a must.
The
President concerns to improve the fiscal condition should not burden the
low-income people. Therefore, the funds obtained from the retrenchment of the
fuel subsidy should be allocated not only to infrastructure development but
also to poverty eradication.\
2. People think
From their experiences about the impact of the increase of fuel price,
people are worried when then the government increases the fuel price. It is
still fresh in their minds how all goods and services prices hike. People
should spend more and more money to fulfill their needs, while their income
remains the same as the former. This situation will make their life getting
worse.
Some of them assume that all the products of the country belong to the
people, including fuel. And they also know that Indonesia is fuel producer. So,
raise a big question for them: why the price of fuel is high? What’s wrong the
country management? Driven with the recent issues then they assume that perhaps
it has close relationship with corruption.
Most people don’t know – or perhaps don’t want to know – how to manage
the country products which is always complicated and not transparent. What they
want is that by having big natural resources it is logic when the people ask
their prosperities.
3. Ideology
The President’s statements can be meant to give pre-condition to the
people if then the price of subsidized fuel is increase. Government needs to
create an atmosphere where people are not too shock knowing that –one day – the
price of subsidized fuel is raised.
President also needs to explain to give logical reasons why the price of
subsidized fuel should be raised.
Last but least, the President also promises, if the price of subsidized
fuel should be raised, people – for low income – will have compensations.
Fuel policy considers global condition
Mon, April 15 2013 21:06 | 193 Views
Jakarta (ANTARA News) - Finance
Minister Agus Martowardojo said on Monday the government`s policy to control
the use of subsidized fuels also had considered global economic uncertainty.
"There are many things we must consider. We know that the global economic crisis is still affecting Indonesia," he said here on Monday.
Thus, he added that the government was careful in deciding the best option to control the use of subsidized fuels, the more so because the country`s current account and budget were still experiencing a deficit.
"We need to study them profoundly," he said.Agus expressed hope that the government would choose the best option later this month to ensure healthy fiscal conditions until the end of this year. He added that all studies had been considered profoundly.
"I cannot disclose the matter now because nothing can be conveyed (for approval) yet. Let`s await until it is finalized," he said.
"There are many things we must consider. We know that the global economic crisis is still affecting Indonesia," he said here on Monday.
Thus, he added that the government was careful in deciding the best option to control the use of subsidized fuels, the more so because the country`s current account and budget were still experiencing a deficit.
"We need to study them profoundly," he said.Agus expressed hope that the government would choose the best option later this month to ensure healthy fiscal conditions until the end of this year. He added that all studies had been considered profoundly.
"I cannot disclose the matter now because nothing can be conveyed (for approval) yet. Let`s await until it is finalized," he said.
But he added the government would
likely choose the option to reduce the use of subsidized fuels by affluent
people and provide subsidy to those entitled to it.
"The subsidy for the poor will be maintained, while the subsidy for the rich or those that are not entitled to it will be reduced," he said.
Earlier, Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Jero Wacik said the government was most likely to choose the option to raise the price of subsidized fuels for private cars.
"When exactly it will be announced is still being discussed. And when the time comes the President will announce it," he said.
(Uu.S012/H-YH)
"The subsidy for the poor will be maintained, while the subsidy for the rich or those that are not entitled to it will be reduced," he said.
Earlier, Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Jero Wacik said the government was most likely to choose the option to raise the price of subsidized fuels for private cars.
"When exactly it will be announced is still being discussed. And when the time comes the President will announce it," he said.
(Uu.S012/H-YH)
A. Context
of situation
1. Field :
Fuel subsidy
2. Tenor :
Specialist(Finance Minister Agus Martowardojo)
to general sociaty
3. Mood :
Witten to be read
B.
Context of culture
News Item
C. The
social practice :
Government
through the ministers tries to ensure people the increase of subsidized fuel
price is for fiscal healthy, besides that the option will be taken is just for
the private cars, that’s what the statement from the Minister of Energy and
Mineral Resources Minister Jero wacik
D. The
text tell us about :
1.
Happening
There are two ministers giving
comment on the increase of subsidized fuel, the are Finance Minister Agus
Martowardojo and Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Jero wacik. Basically
they have the same goals dealing with the increase of subsidized fuel. They
persuade people that the increase of subsidized fuel cannot be avoided due to
ensure healthy fiscal condition. Wacik emphasizes that the option to raise the
increase of subsidized fuel for private cars.
2.
People think
The gaps between the have and the poor will be wider and wider. The fuel
as the main part in any economic activities will give significant impact when
the price is raised. Those who have low incomes will get the direct impact. They
will find difficulties to spend their limited income while in the same time the
costs hike. Whatever the reasons, the increase of subsidized fuel won’t be
popular choice.
3.
Ideology
These two ministers – as the president’s helper – try to help their boss
to persuade people to receive the government policy. It seems little bit
ridicules as the nature of ministers, they should be the one who technically
are able to explain the policy in detail, but in fact, their particular
abilities have been taken by the President.
But at least, as Indonesian, they
have tried to show that they have done their duties.
Should the
fuel price increase pro-people
21 April 2013
Former Chairman of the Assembly was accompanied by a number of MCC officials, the former president of MCC Nur Mahmudi Ismail (mayor of Depok), West Java Governor Ahmad Heryawan. Besides, there were the Governor of North Sumatra, Gatot Pujo Nugroho is also MCC cadres.
Hidayat added, addressing the issues that they also still have to wait for a meeting of the government and parliament
"Right now the factions in parliament recess. Indeed, there should be another meeting to discuss the issue of fuel price hike. We also need to know what the reason would be raised, and then when it is formally submitted, the House will react, "he explained.
Hidayat said the government's policy to raise any fuel, should be entirely in the interest of the State financial rescue. So far no planned increase in fuel saving is based on the wishes of the state budget. The original man Klaten stressed this issue should not be brought into the political arena or the short-term political interests, the 2014 election.Planned increase in fuel should also avoid panic residents marked the long lines at the pump. Fractions agree if the fuel subsidy will be transferred to those who are entitled to receive. (H41-79)
A. Context
of situation
1. Field :
The fuel price
2. Tenor :
Specialist (Hodayat Nur Wahid) to
the public
3. Mood :
Face to face
B.
Context of culture
News Item
C. The
social practice :
Hidayat
Nur Wahid the former Chairman of the Assembly and also the Chairman of PKS
tries to involve in the current issue. In his pinion it seems that as the
politician he has to show his attention to what happens recently. This is a
typical act of a politician.
D. The
text tell us about :
1.
Happening
In this text Hidayat Nur Wahid the former
Chairman of the Assembly and also the Chairman of PKS shows the view FPKS
Parliament. He remains the government that the increase of subsidized fuel
price should be based alignments in the public interest.
He
also recommends that there should be a meeting between government and
parliament to decide the increase of subsidized fuel price. He argues that
there is no plan based on he state budget.
He
warns the government not to bring the increase of subsidized fuel price into
political arena or the short-term political interest, the 2014 election.
2.
People think
People
consider what Hidayat Nur Wahid said is just to get people sympathy. People
know that he does not really struggle for the people. It is just for their own
needs. Hidayat Nur Wahid with his political party PKS is not the people choice
since their leader Lutfi Hasan Isaq found guilty to do corruption.
3.
Ideology
Hidayat
Nur Wahid the former Chairman of the Assembly and also the Chairman of PKS has
not so good tract in his political career. It is clear especially when he lost
in the DKI governor election few months ago. His statements do not show the
capacity of national figure. In this occasion, by giving these statements are
also considered ‘just to attack’ the government policy.
The discussion of analysis
presented above illustrated how a
systemic approach can be use to gain understanding of how The government
anticipate the fuel rises with out burden the society text
make the meanings. Language analysis of three different texts has
illustrated that the text are rich meanings. They are not just meaning what goes on, why but also meaning about
relationship and attitude meaning. By relating specific linguistic choices to
the construction and reflection of situational, culture and ideological context.
Reference
J.R.
Martin and David Rose. Working with discourse, London, New York 2003
Suzanne Eggins, An Introduction to Systemic Functional
Linguistics,London,1994
Jan,Renkema, Discourse Studies an Introductory textbook Amsterdam/
Philadelphia, 1993
Linda
Great and peter Wignell, Making Sense of functional grammar. Printed
in Australia. 1994
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